However, a Li metal anode is unstable with conventional liquid electrolytes (which are also flammable) and Li dendrites formed during cycling may readily penetrate through standard porous olefin separators and cause short circuits, rapid discharge, and a range of subsequent safety hazards. When a Li metal anode is coupled with a high capacity cathode (e.g., LiNi 0.8Mn 0.1Co 0.1O 2 (NMC811)), the resulting battery would approximately double specific energy from 250 to 300 Wh kg −1 for commercial LIBs to ≈500 Wh kg −1. Although graphite is relatively low cost and easy to process into electrodes at large scale, a switch to a Li metal anode would provide a theoretical capacity of 3860 mAh g −1 and a lower electrochemical potential (−3.04 V versus standard hydrogen electrode). Most commercial LIBs use a graphite anode (theoretical capacity 372 mAh g −1, electrochemical potential −0.43 V versus standard hydrogen electrode). Rechargeable batteries that provide increased specific energy and improved safety over commercial Li ion batteries (LIBs) are in demand for applications such as electric vehicles (EVs), all-electric aircraft and the grid-scale storage of electricity from renewable but intermittent electricial generation. The work demonstrates a scalable approach to realizing composite cathode structures with kinetically favorable ion transport characteristics in SSLMBs.
#Battery cathode full
In a SSLMB full cell at 25 oC, the cathode provides gravimetric capacities of 199 and 120 mAh g −1, and ultra-high areal capacities of 16.7 and 10.1 mAh cm −2 at 0.05 and 1 C, respectively. X-ray micro-computed tomography, ion mobility simulations, and DC depolarization show that the cathode structure improves Li + ion diffusivity in the cathode from 4.4 × 10 −9 to 1.4 × 10 −7 cm 2 s −1. Here, a thick (600 μm) hybrid cathode comprising vertically aligned LiNi 0.8Mn 0.1Co 0.1O 2 (NMC811)-rich channels filled with a polymer composite electrolyte is fabricated by an innovative directional freezing and polymerization method. This lowers the realizable capacity and mandates relatively thin (30–300 μm) cathodes, and hence low overall energy storage. However, the Li + ion diffusivity in a composite cathode-a combination of active material and solid-state electrolyte (SSE)-is at least an order of magnitude lower than that of the SSE alone because of the highly tortuous ion transport pathways in the cathode. DOI: 10.1016/j.-state Li metal batteries (SSLMBs) combine improved safety and high specific energy that can surpass current Li ion batteries. This study therefore investigated the effect of tetracycline (TC) on the performance, microbial community, as well as fun. However, information on the treatment of antibiotic-bearing wastewater in An-BES is still very limited. Bio-electrochemically assisted anaerobic methanogenic systems (An-BES) are highly effective in wastewater treatment for methane production and degradation of toxic compounds. 155756 ISSN: 0048-9697 Subject: Geobacter Methanobacterium activated carbon adsorption anodes antibiotic resistance bioenergy biofilm cathodes community structure electric potential difference environment metagenomics methane production methanogens methylmalonyl-coenzyme A microbial communities propionic acid tetracycline toxicity wastewater wastewater treatment Abstract. Pavlostathis Source: Science of the total environment 2022 v.837 pp. Author: Sha Long Xiaoguang Liu Jinchen Chen Lin Zhao Spyros G.
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